American Concentration Camp

  National JACL Board Reaffirms “American Concentration Camp”

 By  Mako Nakagawa and Andy Noguchi

     We welcome and congratulate the National Japanese American Citizens League Board, under intense community interest, as it reaffirmed the three National JACL Council votes to fully implement the recommended terms American concentration camp, incarceration camp, and illegal detention center. By doing so, it rejected suggestions from some national JACL leaders to drop American concentration camp in order to form a coalition with the American Jewish Committee and others who have lobbied against the JACL using the term.

     The National JACL Board, chaired by JACL President David Lin, and composed of 15 members, addressed this controversy on Saturday, February 23, at its quarterly meeting in San Francisco. Craig Tomiyoshi, Vice President of Public Affairs, presented the JACL Board position of fully implementing the National Council policy.

     Northern Calfornia-Western Nevada-Pacific JACL Governor David Unruhe also shared a strong resolution from his District urging no omission of terms. Andy Noguchi, NCWNP JACL District Civil Rights Co-Chair, represented the concerns of Power of Words advocates.

     To be clear on the policy implementation, Noguchi twice stated to the National Board that this meant that no coalition will be formed on the basis of dropping American concentration camp. No one contradicted this meaning.

     We wish to thank the many people around the country who shared their concerns with the National JACL in the days and weeks leading up to the Board meeting. Some of them include:

• Bruce Embrey, Co-Chair of the Manzanar Committee (Los Angeles)
• Tom Ikeda, Director of Densho (Seattle)
• Tetsuden Kashima, Author and Professor, University of Washington (Seattle)
• Soji Kashiwagi, Playwright and Pasadena Human Rights Commissioner (Los Angeles).
• A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa, 2011-2012 National JACL Power of Words Committee (Philadelphia)
• Stan Shikuma, Co-Chair, Seattle JACL Power of Words Committee
• Hiroshi Shimizu, President of the Tule Lake Committee (San Francisco)
• Barbara Takei, Co-Author of Tule Lake Revisited (Sacramento)

     Lin specifically expressed his appreciation to them and others at the National JACL Board meeting for their valuable input.

     This policy reaffirmation validates the democratic vote of the National Council in three successive years after prolonged thoughtful discussion, debate, research, and writing. This also sets the stage for the JACL further implementing the Power of Words.

     For example, the National JACL can join ongoing discussions with the National Park Service on preservation of confinement sites and how they’re described, freshly re-armed with the Power of Words. Leading groups such as the Manzanar Committee and Tule Lake Committee, that have led these efforts for several decades, will welcome this increased backing from the JACL.

     The past three years of the Power of Words movement, initiated by the Seattle JACL Chapter and the Pacific Northwest JACL District, has gathered tremendous steam from hundreds of educators, writers, historians, organizations, JACL Chapters, community leaders and others across the country. We believe that the JACL and this much broader coalition now have a great opportunity to further educate the public, agencies, media, and others about the injustice of the Japanese American World War II incarceration.

     Misleading government euphemisms like relocation camp, assembly center, and internment camp should no longer be an insurmountable obstacle to understanding. Ridiculous notions that we were being protected or pampered will diminish.

     Honest terms like American concentration camp, incarceration camp, illegal detention center, forced removal, and others, can now truthfully tell a story: How the government used language to cover up the denial of constitutional rights, the racism, force removal, incarceration, and oppressive conditions directed against 120,000 innocent people of Japanese ancestry.

     As some, including Tom Ikeda of Densho point out, the term American concentration camp offers the JACL a teachable moment about how a racial, religious, ethnic, or other unpopular group can be targeted, imprisoned, and oppressed.

     This is also an opportunity to talk of the inhuman extremes of Nazi Germany when it imprisoned, tortured, and murdered 11,000,000 innocent people, including 6,000,000 Jews. We understand that using the term concentration camps, in that case, is a misleading euphemism for horrendous crimes against humanity and that many people instead use the terms death and extermination camps.

     Let us hope to now move ahead with full implementation and that there will be no need to again reaffirm the National JACL Council’s policy on the Power of Words.

Thank you,
Mako Nakagawa
Seattle JACL Chapter
Seattle Power of Words Committee
National JACL Education Committee (2013)

Andy Noguchi
Civil Rights Co-Chair
Youth Co-Advisor
Florin JACL Chapter
NCWNP JACL District Civil Rights Co-Chair
National JACL Power of Words Committee (2011-2012)

Source: http://blog.manzanarcommittee.org/2013/02/28/national-jacl-board-reaffirms-american-concentration-camp/

Memories of Winslow, Arizona

 Feb 27 2013

By JOHN MATSUDA

     I was born in 1929 in Winslow, Arizona, in the concrete apartment house built by the Santa Fe Railroad for the Japanese workers and their families, about 30 to 40 families, who worked for Santa Fe Railroad from the 1920s to the beginning of World War II on Dec. 7, 1941.

     My father, Genkichi Joe Matsuda,(Poston 15-13-A) and mother, Terumi, with my oldest sister, Emi, who was born in San Jose in 1921, came to Winslow in 1922. My older brother, Matt Yutaka, deceased in 2005, older sister, Lily, and I were born in the aforementioned apartment in Winslow. My father and other Japanese, primarily from Kochi Prefecture in Shikoku, Japan, worked diligently for 20 years or more in the Santa Fe Railroad’s roundhouse located across the railroad tracks from our apartment.

     No sabotage, goofing off or taking sick leave for minor reasons were ever committed by the hard-working Japanese machinists. Santa Fe Railroad acknowledged the conscientious work by the Japanese Issei (first generation) and even built a large “ofuro” or Japanese bathtub with ample washing space similar to an “onsen” or hot spring in Japan where one washed himself/herself before entering the tub.

     After our mother died in October 1938 and after Emi graduated from Winslow High School in 1939, our father took the four children to Japan and placed us in elementary and high schools in Kochi and Kyoto. Father returned to Winslow to continue working for Santa Fe Railroad. The four Matsuda children, Emi Hazama, Yutaka, Lily Okamura and John, returned to America in 1948 and 1949.

     Winslow, a small town of about 9,600 people today, is located in the northern part of Arizona, 55 miles east of Flagstaff and 128 miles northeast of Mesa on Route 66, which is now famous for the Eagles’ song “Take It Easy” (“I’m standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona”). Winslow was not in the war zone area like the Pacific Coast states were when the war broke out. Why, then, were the Japanese and their U.S. citizen Nisei children sent to internment camps like Poston, Arizona and other camps in the U.S.?

     Winslow Mail newspapers of Dec. 12, 1941, Jan. 16, 1942 and April 3, 1942 (copies kindly sent to me by Mrs. Tazuko Nomoto Akagi, former resident of Winslow) attribute the removal of the Japanese out of Santa Fe Railroad and the apartment house due to “possible risk that the Japanese were dangerous to have them work for the railroad company.”

     But in talking to people older than I, like my sister Emi, before she suffered a stroke in the last two years and can no longer talk or write, and other second-generation Nisei who are in their late 80s, I get a different reason that probably caused the federal government to intern the Winslow Santa Fe Railroad Japanese workers and their families, primarily to Poston. The reason is as follows:

In the early 1920s, the Caucasian workers at Winslow Santa Fe Railroad went on a strike. Japanese workers contacted their relatives and friends to come to work at Winslow for the vacancies created by the strike. Since then, the Caucasian workers in Winslow harbored a grudge against the Japanese “strike-breakers.” The townspeople appealed to the federal authorities to remove the Japanese from Santa Fe Railroad.

     We were not permitted to swim in the city pool except on the day before the dirty water was changed. Instead, we went to the nearby Clear Creek, which was not so clear with the clay soil, to swim in the summer. There was an attempt to segregate the Nisei students at the elementary school until my father and Emi (as interpreter for my father) went to school to protest and prevent the proposal for segregation from going into effect.

     It is unfortunate that I can no longer talk to the deceased older Nisei men, Tatehiko and Mitsugi Nomoto (Poston 15-9-B) , Ed Yamamoto, Namio Kitaoka, and brothers Bill, Jim and Joe Kawasaki and Toshiye Nomachi (Poston 15-9-D) , who would have known much more in detail about the forced internment of Japanese from Winslow. None of the former Japanese workers were permitted to return to their Santa Fe Railroad jobs after the war.

     I often think of Reiko Nomoto, who was a few years younger than I, and her father, Shigeji Nomoto, who with Mr. Tamanosuke Nomachi was taken to Department of Justice jails immediately after the war started. Reiko, who lived right across from our apartment unit in Winslow, was a cute little girl that I was fond of. Sadly, she suffered a great deal during the absence of her father who was in jail, far removed from Poston  and away from Mrs. Nomoto and Reiko until the end of the war.

Reiko Nomoto Akiyama died in her early 60s. I also lost my good friends in my age bracket, i.e., Takako Nomoto Kaneko, Shoko Nomoto Fukuda (Poston 15-9-B) and Eugene Yamamoto (Poston camp 1).

     I still remember going to the American Indian village, located next to the Japanese apartment compound, in the mid-1930s, with Toshiko Kawasaki Tamura to watch the Native American young men and women do ballroom dances in their recreation hall.

     Toshiko Kawasaki, probably the oldest Nisei girl in Winslow, was in high school then; I met Toshiko Tamura 50 years later at ballroom dances in Los Angeles and Gardena. We both enjoyed dancing the waltz, tango, slow fox trot, quick step, swing and other Latin dances. Today, Toshiko Tamura is in the Keiro Nursing Home, and I wish her well and speedy recovery so she can dance again.

     My father was interned in Poston with other bachelors. After the war he worked in the hot sun in Delano, picking grapes; became senile and passed away in September 1963 at age 76, a lonely man who worked all his life and never received the apology or $20,000 reparation from the U.S. government, because he died before Aug. 10, 1988 when the Civil Liberties Act was signed by President Reagan.

He is buried in Green Hills Memorial Park overlooking the Pacific Ocean, where he can see his beloved “furusato” hometown, Takaoka in Kochi, Japan.

     May my father and all the other first-generation Issei and deceased Nisei of Winslow rest in peace.

Source: http://www.rafu.com/2013/02/vox-populi-memories-of-winslow-ariz/